Install Linux Mint 21.1 with custom LVM on LUKS

Last edited on 2022-12-20 Tagged under  #mint   #linux   #luks   #lvm 

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I like to create storage space to hold the contents of my home directory that is separate from the space that contains the root filesystem. This makes it easier if I decide to re-install Linux in the future while preserving user data.

Using a combination of Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) and Logical Volume Manager (LVM), I encrypt the storage space and create “virtual partitions” (Logical Volumes or LVs) for separate root and home file systems. Installing LVM on top of the encrypted partition allows the creation of multiple LVs protected by a single passphrase, and the ability to create and resize LVs as needed.

Let's go!

During an install of Linux Mint 21.1 "Vera" Cinnamon Edition - if you select the option to automatically erase and partition the disk using LUKS and LVM - the installer creates a single encrypted partition with two LVs: a swap LV, and a root LV that uses all remaining disk storage. There is no option to add a home LV to the automatic schema.

My setup

Linux Mint is installed as the sole OS on the device. I use Mint's installer to erase, partition, and encrypt the storage space, and configure LVM.

After the installer finishes - but before rebooting - I shrink the root LV to free up storage, then create a new home LV.

This is how I do it ...

1. During the install: Installation type

Choose Erase disk and install Linux Mint, click on Advanced features..., and opt to use LVM and encryption.

linuxmint-luks-lvm

A password to secure the storage is entered and confirmed.

Password

Proceed with the rest of the install as per usual.

2. After the install: Continue Testing

When the Mint installer finishes, select Continue Testing.

Continue testing

3. Switch to root

Open a terminal. Switch to root using sudo -i.

Run mount | grep /dev/mapper/vgmint and ensure nothing is returned (LVs need to be unmounted).

4. View layout

Run lsblk -f and view the partition layout generated by the Mint installer.

Example: In my install, the partition used for encryption is sda3 and the encrypted LUKS device is sda3_crypt.

List physical volumes (PV) with the command vgs. There is a single PV labelled vgmint.

List the LVs with lvs. There are two: root LV, and swap_1 LV.

Note: Only LVs with ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, and XFS file systems are supported for resizing.

5. Resize root

Shrink the root LV to free up space for a new home LV.

Set the desired size of root (example: 40G) and resize its file system all at once ...

lvresize -L 40G --resizefs vgmint/root

6. Create home

Create the new home LV.

Option 1

Use fixed amount of storage (example: 300G) ...

lvcreate -L 300G vgmint -n home

Option 2

Or use percentage of free capacity (example: 80%) ...

lvcreate -l +80%FREE vgmint -n home

7. Format home

The new LV will appear as /dev/vgmint/home.

Format the LV with an appropriate file system (example: ext4) ...

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgmint/home

8. Move home

Mount the LVs ...

mkdir /mnt/{root,home}
mount /dev/vgmint/root /mnt/root/
mount /dev/vgmint/home /mnt/home/

Move the contents of /home from the root LV to the new home LV ...

mv /mnt/root/home/* /mnt/home/

9. Fstab

Create an entry for home in /mnt/root/etc/fstab ...

echo "/dev/mapper/vgmint-home /home           ext4    defaults        0 2" >> /mnt/root/etc/fstab

10. Finish

Unmount LVs ...

umount /mnt/root
umount /mnt/home

Deactivate swap and volume group ...

swapoff -a
lvchange -an vgmint

Remove the encrypted device mapping (example: sda3_crypt) ...

cryptsetup close sda3_crypt

Done. Reboot and enjoy!

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